"Indications and Outcomes of Trans-sphenoidal Surgery in Patients with Prolactinoma" and "Opioid-Induced Adrenal Insufficiency"

Needs Statement

Physicians, residents, fellows, students, nurse practitioners, nurses, and other healthcare professionals need to be regularly updated on the advances in guidelines, basic science and clinical research, treatment modalities and management strategies for patients with diabetes. The series aims to increase knowledge and skills of the learners in these topic areas in order to enhance the quality of care and improve patient outcomes.

Educational Objectives

"Indications and Outcomes of Trans-sphenoidal Surgery in Patients with Prolactinoma"

At the conclusion of the session, the participants should be able to:

• Discuss the current guidelines regarding prolactinoma management and the challenges of dopamine agonist therapy.
• Examine the current literature surrounding endoscopic trans-sphenoidal surgery for prolactinomas.
• Discuss the results of a retrospective analysis examining the indications and outcomes of trans-sphenoidal surgery in patients with prolactinoma at the Baylor Pituitary Center.

"Opioid-Induced Adrenal Insufficiency"

At the conclusion of the session, the participants should be able to:

• Explain the possible mechanisms of opioid-induced changes on the hypothalamic and pituitary axis and how these changes can lead to secondary adrenal insufficiency.
• Discuss the results of a prospective study and how pituitary hormones levels relate to opioid withdrawal symptoms in patients.
• Recognize the relationships between opioid use, mortality, and adrenal insufficiency in the patient population at the Michael E. DeBakey Houston VA Medical Center.

Target Audience

Accreditation/Credit Designation

Baylor College of Medicine is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

Baylor College of Medicine designates this enduring material activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Disclosure Policy

Baylor College of Medicine (BCM) is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education (CME) for physicians. BCM is committed to sponsoring CE activities that are scientifically based, accurate, current, and objectively presented.

In accordance with the ACCME Standards for Commercial Support, BCM has implemented a mechanism requiring everyone in a position to control the content of an educational activity (i.e., directors, planning committee members, faculty) to disclose any relevant financial relationships with commercial interests (drug/device companies) and manage/resolve any conflicts of interest prior to the activity. Individuals must disclose to participants the existence or non-existence of financial relationships at the time of the activity or within 24 months prior.

In addition, BCM has requested activity faculty/presenters to disclose to participants any unlabeled use or investigational use of pharmaceutical/device products; to use scientific or generic names (not trade names) in referring to products; and, if necessary to use a trade name, to use the names of similar products or those within a class. Faculty/presenters have also been requested to adhere to the ACCME's validation of clinical content statements.

BCM does not view the existence of financial relationships with commercial interests as implying bias or decreasing the value of a presentation. It is up to participants to determine whether the relationships influence the activity faculty with regard to exposition or conclusions. If at any time during this activity you feel that there has been commercial/promotional bias, notify the Activity Director or Activity Coordinator. Please answer the questions about balance and objectivity in the activity evaluation candidly.

All of the relevant financial relationships listed for these individuals have been mitigated.